Segregation along gender lines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Segregation along gender lines - Essay Example Horizontally, women are disproportionately clustered into a narrow range of jobs that are regularly regarded to be ‘ghetto occupations’. Ghetto occupations have been classified as those which are female dominated and of low status, poor pay, with narrow job content, and that have few prospects of promotion. Introduction Occupational segregation is an obstacle used in the workplace to prevent women from realising their full potential in the market. It can also prevent employers from finding the most qualified personnel to fill job vacancies. Occupational segregation negatively affects the national as well as global economy. In Britain, many female workers are affected by vertical as well as horizontal segregation. This basically means that female workers tend to hold different jobs from the male workers which are of lower status and have lower pay packets. Female workers also tend to be directed towards industries that have a huge demand for workers who only work part tim e. Occupations which are usually peopled by female workers, and which tend to have low pay are often referred to as ‘pink-collar’ jobs or even ‘ghetto’ occupations. Causes of Segregation in the Workplace Limited Access to Career Options Gender stereotyping experienced by women during their formative years can affect their choice of occupation (Van Langen, Bosker and Dekkers, 2006). Gender stereotyping includes implicitly and explicitly expressed social attitudes within a person’s community. ... Even in developed nations like Britain, these attitudes are still present. When women are socialised to take on the ‘helping professions’ such as teaching, nursing, and secretarial work, it affects their decisions about the type of university courses they choose (Tracey and Nicholl, 2007). There are other institutional as well as structural barriers like biased marketing which discourage women from taking advantage of measures such as vocational training programmes for traditionally male jobs. Corporate culture and practice Other realities that compel women to choose to work in occupations that may not afford them large salaries or even a chance for promotion is because of the lack of the implementation of female-friendly practices in many corporate organisations. There are many organisations today that have instituted the acceptance of progressive employment agendas as one of their main objectives (Wynarczyk, 2007). However, this is not often implemented in the corporat e culture. Many women working in corporate organisations have to handle the reality of long hours which leave the worker with no time for his or her family, for example. The abilities of women are also not often viewed as strengths but as good personal skills. For example, the role of teaching young children has traditionally been occupied by women. Pre-school teachers play a very important role in society and are virtually responsible for teaching children all the social skills that are necessary to function in society. However, their importance is downplayed and their salaries are not at par with their services. This means that female workers face constraints in being

Early American history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Early American history - Assignment Example They believed that if they could convert them, then it would reduce the likelihood of resistance. During this time, they became successful and the church grew stronger. Every component of colonial life felt its presence. The conversion of Indians was an advantage to the Spanish and played right into their hands. The new political structure, religion and societal difference made it difficult for the natives to have control over themselves instead found that they were the second-class citizens in their own land. Having converted the natives to Spanish cultures, they had the upper hand in controlling the American economy (Weisman, JoAnne and Deitch 34). With the new political and societal structures in place, new labor systems were introduced to replace those previously used by the natives. The Spanish held the belief that the Indies will exist as long as the Indians exist. The Spanish held the idea of exploiting the Indians. They would make them work in the mines and sugar plantations to acquire wealth to send to their country. The labor systems would ensure constant labor without resistance. They implemented this in order for them to collect taxes and for the tribute to be paid to the crown by the natives. The labor systems were implemented to ease in the management of the workforce. The systems were varied and improved with time. With religion and these systems in place, the Spanish were able to take control of America (Hickling 342). The Spanish introduced several labor systems in order to exploit the natural riches/resources. They used the heads of specific indigenous groups called the encomendero. This was system was called encomiendas. The head in exchange for protection and payment would command from the Indians, tribute and manual labor. The other system was the repartamientos. This system was later abolished except for mining. With realization that temporary and